How Do Confidential Treasuries Work?
Confidential treasuries are multisig wallet smart contracts deployed on a private shard on NEAR Protocol. This allows them to combine the security of battle-tested multisig smart contracts on NEAR with the privacy of confidential transaction processing.
What is a private shard?
What is a private shard?
While NEAR Protocol is a single blockchain, it is actually composed of small chain instances called shards. Each shard executes in parallel, handling transactions for a set of accounts and contracts.In NEAR, all shards are public by default, meaning that anyone can see all their transactions. However, NEAR allows having private shards, which use the same technology as the public ones, but with the main difference of not exposing any data to the public.This makes private shards an ideal solution for confidential treasuries, as they provide all the security and functionality of a public shard, but with the added privacy of not exposing any financial data to the public.
Where are assets held, and how do deposits and withdrawals work?
Where are assets held, and how do deposits and withdrawals work?
Your treasury holds assets as token balances on
near.com smart contract - deployed within the private shard.near.com infrastructure manages non-custodial pools in multiple public chains. When you deposit assets on them, the corresponding token balances are credited to your treasury on the private shard.Swaps are reflected as changes in the token balances within your treasury on the private shard. For example, if you swap ETH for BTC, the ETH balance decreases while the BTC balance increases accordingly.When you withdraw assets from your treasury, the corresponding token balances on the private shard are redeemed, and the pooled assets on the destination chain are used to fulfill the withdrawal.This lets your treasury manage assets from multiple chains without maintaining a separate wallet on each chain. Your team controls the treasury’s assets; the pooled accounts provide the backing and infrastructure for deposits and withdrawals.Deposits
Because confidential treasuries run on a private shard, funding them and paying from them requires moving funds between the private shard and public blockchains. There are two ways to do this, depending on how your team wants to operate.Automatic Bridging
Your treasury can receive funds from public blockchains through a temporary account and automatically bridge them to the private shard. Furthermore, using a unique deposit address for each transfer makes it harder for external observers to link multiple deposits, wallets, or counterparties to the same treasury, which provides additional privacy.
Using near.com
If your team already uses a confidential account on near.com, you can fund the treasury by transferring assets directly to the treasury account ID.Proposals
In a confidential treasury, external actors can see that a proposal exists and how members voted, but only team members can see the proposal details. For example, if a team member creates a proposal to pay10 USDC to alice.near, the public can see
that a proposal was created and whether it was approved or rejected, but only team members can see
that it was a payment proposal, as well as the amount, token, and recipient.
Payments
Confidential treasuries can create payments in all supported assets, and the recipient can be either a confidential near.com account or a public wallet address. Payments to near.com confidential accounts will be executed within the private shard, so the recipient will need to log in to near.com to access and withdraw the funds. When making payments to public wallets, NEAR Business automatically bridges the funds from the private shard to the recipient’s address on the selected chain. In this case, the public recipient will see the funds arriving from the NEAR Intents account on the destination chain, as that is the account used to bridge funds from the private shard to the destination blockchain.Frequently Asked Questions
Can I create a public treasury?
Can I create a public treasury?
No, all treasuries created through NEAR Business are confidential.
A Private Shard on NEAR?
A Private Shard on NEAR?
While NEAR Protocol is a single blockchain, it is actually composed of multiple small chain instances called shards, which run in parallel. Each shard is in charge of certain accounts and smart contracts and operates in parallel, with all shards aggregating to form the NEAR blockchain.Almost all shards on NEAR are public, which means that anyone can see all the funds and transactions happening on them. However, NEAR also allows the creation of private shards, which run on the same technology as the public ones, but with the added security of being private and encrypted.This is how confidential treasuries work: they are deployed on their own private shard, which is not accessible to anyone outside the team, thus keeping all financial data private.
How do I fund a confidential treasury?
How do I fund a confidential treasury?
To deposit funds into a confidential treasury, you can either use near.com and fund the treasury’s account through a confidential account there, or let NEAR Business generate a temporary deposit address and bridge the funds for you.
Are payments from a confidential treasury private?
Are payments from a confidential treasury private?
Yes, all payments from a confidential treasury are private, as they are executed within the private shard. This means that the details of the payment, such as the amount, recipient, and token, are only visible to team members and not to the public.Recipients of confidential payments can either receive the funds in a near.com confidential account or receive them directly in their public wallet.For recipients who receive payments directly in their public wallet, the sender will appear as the general NEAR Intents account.
Are swaps from a confidential treasury private?
Are swaps from a confidential treasury private?
Yes, all swaps from a confidential treasury are private, as they are executed within the private shard. This means that the details of the swap, such as the amount, tokens involved, and exchange rate, are only visible to team members and not to the public.